{"id":180,"date":"2005-10-11T16:06:00","date_gmt":"2005-10-11T16:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/markwilson.me.uk\/blog\/2005\/10\/setting-up-ip-forwarding-on-windows.htm"},"modified":"2007-07-25T22:36:53","modified_gmt":"2007-07-25T21:36:53","slug":"setting-up-ip-forwarding-on-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2005\/10\/setting-up-ip-forwarding-on-windows.htm","title":{"rendered":"Setting up IP forwarding on a Windows network"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--112904685386585771-->My network at home has two subnets joined by a wireless link (note that the IP addresses have been changed to protect the innocent):<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"inline\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/images\/ipforwarding.png?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"IP forwarding\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>You might wonder why it doesn&#8217;t all sit under my desk (after all we&#8217;re not talking about a multinational corporation here) but the simple fact is that most of my kit has been procured from an eclectic mix of sources over the years (so it is hardly what you might call standard) and the server (on which I do a lot of testing) is a noisy beast, as is the 24-port switch that it&#8217;s plugged into &#8211; hence the reason they are stored away in the basement.<\/p>\n<p>The trouble with this configuration is that the dual-homed PC which acts as a bridge between the wired and wireless segments in the basement is exactly that &#8211; dual-homed &#8211; i.e. it needs the 802.3 adapter to be on one subnet and the 802.11b adapter to be on another (otherwise this could all have been on one flat subnet). That means that it also needs to be able to route traffic to and from each subnet, otherwise the server is invisible to the rest of the network (and vice versa).<\/p>\n<p>That&#8217;s where IP forwarding comes in (aka IP masquerading in Linux-speak).<\/p>\n<p>Disabled by default in Windows 2000, XP and Server 2003, IP forwarding basically allows a dual-homed host to act as a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/technet\/community\/columns\/cableguy\/cg0102.mspx\">network bridge<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/?kbid=323339\">Microsoft knowledge base article 323339<\/a> details the registry setting to enable this on Windows Server 2003 &#8211; there are other articles for Windows 2000 and XP but they are pretty much identical.<\/p>\n<p>There are, however, a couple of important points to note:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Only one interface should have a default gateway. In my case, the default gateway for the bridge&#8217;s wired connection is blank.<\/li>\n<li>I also had to put a static route to 192.168.2.0\/24 on my ADSL router using the IP address of the bridge&#8217;s wireless connection as a gateway (so that outbound traffic to the Internet from the 192.168.2.<em>x<\/em> network has a return path).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For comparison purposes, the routing table on my bridge (192.168.1.50\/192.168.2.50) looks like this:<\/p>\n<p><code>IPv4 Route Table<br \/>\n===========================================================================<br \/>\nInterface List<br \/>\n0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface<br \/>\n0x10003 ...00 08 02 <em>xx xx xx<\/em> ...... Intel(R) PRO\/100 VM Network Connection<br \/>\n0x10004 ...00 80 c8 <em>xx xx xx<\/em> ...... D-Link AirPlus DWL-520+ Wireless PCI Adapter<br \/>\n===========================================================================<br \/>\n===========================================================================<br \/>\nActive Routes:<br \/>\nNetwork Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric<br \/>\n0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.50 25<br \/>\n127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1<br \/>\n192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.50 192.168.1.50 25<br \/>\n192.168.1.50 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 25<br \/>\n192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.50 192.168.1.50 25<br \/>\n192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.50 192.168.2.50 20<br \/>\n192.168.2.50 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20<br \/>\n192.168.2.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.50 192.168.2.50 20<br \/>\n224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.50 192.168.1.50 25<br \/>\n224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.2.50 192.168.2.50 20<br \/>\n255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.50 192.168.1.50 1<br \/>\n255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.50 192.168.2.50 1<br \/>\nDefault Gateway: 192.168.1.1<br \/>\n===========================================================================<br \/>\nPersistent Routes:<br \/>\nNone<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Whilst on the ADSL router it looks like this:<\/p>\n<p><code>Network Destination Netmask NextHop IF Type Origin<br \/>\n0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <em>isprouter<\/em> ppp-0 Indirect Dynamic<br \/>\n127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 lo-0 Direct Dynamic<br \/>\n192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 eth-0 Direct Dynamic<br \/>\n192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 lo-0 Direct Dynamic<br \/>\n192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.50 eth-0 Indirect Local<br \/>\n<em>isprouter<\/em> 255.255.255.255 <em>mypublicipaddress<\/em> ppp-0 Direct Dynamic<br \/>\n<em>mypublicipaddress<\/em> 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 lo-0 Direct Dynamic<br \/>\n<em>btrouter1<\/em> 255.255.255.255 <em>btrouter2<\/em> ppp-0 Direct Dynamic<\/code><\/p>\n<p>For the other LAN-connected devices, the important details are that for LAN 1 the default gateway is 192.168.1.1 and for LAN 2 the default gateway is 192.168.2.50.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My network at home has two subnets joined by a wireless link (note that the IP addresses have been changed to protect the innocent): You might wonder why it doesn&#8217;t all sit under my desk (after all we&#8217;re not talking about a multinational corporation here) but the simple fact is that most of my kit &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2005\/10\/setting-up-ip-forwarding-on-windows.htm\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Setting up IP forwarding on a Windows network<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[100,101,99,45],"class_list":["post-180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-windows-2000","tag-windows-server-2003","tag-windows-xp","tag-tcpip"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Setting up IP forwarding on a Windows network - markwilson.it<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2005\/10\/setting-up-ip-forwarding-on-windows.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Setting up IP forwarding on a Windows network - markwilson.it\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"My network at home has two subnets joined by a wireless link (note that the IP addresses have been changed to protect the innocent): You might wonder why it doesn&#8217;t all sit under my desk (after all we&#8217;re not talking about a multinational corporation here) but the simple fact is that most of my kit &hellip; 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I won't repeat the entire content here, because Steve has an article in the November\/December issue of Microsoft TechNet magazine, entitled improve your web security with encryption and firewall technologies, which, when combined\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1005,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2008\/03\/windows-server-2008-and-wireless-networking.htm","url_meta":{"origin":180,"position":1},"title":"Windows Server 2008 and wireless networking","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Sunday 2 March 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Last week I wrote about how Windows Server 2008 can be used as a great workstation OS too... then I realised that I didn't have any wireless networking capabilities. Although Device Manager reported that my device was working properly, there were no networks available for connection. I wondered if that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft Windows Server 2008\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft Windows Server 2008","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/windows-server-2008"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":448,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2005\/05\/no-nap-until-longhorn.htm","url_meta":{"origin":180,"position":2},"title":"No NAP until Longhorn","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Monday 30 May 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"Last year I commented that network access protection (NAP) had slipped from a planned feature pack for ISA Server 2004 to Windows Server 2003 Release 2 (R2). Well, it seems that has changed. Confirming what I wrote last March, when I blogged about the need for network segmentation and remediation,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft Windows Server 2008\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft Windows Server 2008","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/windows-server-2008"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":61,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2005\/02\/windows-server-system-service-overview.htm","url_meta":{"origin":180,"position":3},"title":"Windows server system service overview and network port requirements","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Friday 18 February 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"As security becomes ever more paramount and network administrators implement extra layers of security, including client PCs running personal firewall products, systems administrators and support staff need to know which ports and protocols Microsoft operating systems and programs require for network connectivity in a segmented network. Microsoft have addressed this\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft Windows\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft Windows","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/windows"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1018,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2008\/03\/hyper-v-and-networking.htm","url_meta":{"origin":180,"position":4},"title":"Hyper-V and networking","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Friday 14 March 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"For those who have worked with hosted virtualisation (Microsoft Virtual PC and Virtual Server, VMware Workstation and Server, Parallels Desktop, etc.) and haven't experienced hypervisor-based virtualisation, Microsoft Hyper-V is fundamentally different in a number of ways. Architecturally, it's not dissimilar to the Xen hypervisor (in fact, there are a lot\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Bluetooth\"","block_context":{"text":"Bluetooth","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/bluetooth"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1034,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2008\/04\/removing-phantom-network-adapters-from-virtual-machines.htm","url_meta":{"origin":180,"position":5},"title":"Removing phantom network adapters from virtual machines","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Monday 7 April 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Last night, I rebuilt my Windows Server 2008 machine at home to use the RTM build (it was running on an escrow build from a few days before it was finally released) and Hyper-V RC0. It was non-trivial because the virtual machines I had running on the server had to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}