{"id":236,"date":"2004-04-08T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2004-04-08T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/markwilson.me.uk\/blog\/2004\/04\/10000-feet-view-of-microsoft-isa.htm"},"modified":"2007-05-15T15:21:54","modified_gmt":"2007-05-15T14:21:54","slug":"10000-feet-view-of-microsoft-isa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2004\/04\/10000-feet-view-of-microsoft-isa.htm","title":{"rendered":"10,000 feet view of Microsoft ISA Server 2000"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--110970550443408921-->Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server 2000 is Microsoft&#8217;s firewall and proxy server product, replacing Microsoft Proxy Server.<\/p>\n<p>ISA Server 2000 operates in one of three modes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Firewall &#8211; security server.<\/li>\n<li>Caching (i.e. proxy) &#8211; acceleration server.<\/li>\n<li>Integrated &#8211; firewall and caching.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As a firewall, ISA Server&#8217;s filtering capabilities include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Packet filtering (layer 3) capabilities &#8211; filtering based on the source and destination IP addresses along with their respective port numbers.<\/li>\n<li>Circuit (TCP) and stateful inspection (UDP) filtering &#8211; filtering bases on a sequence of packets (e.g. to guard against denial of service attacks).<\/li>\n<li>Application filtering (layer 7) &#8211; actually inspecting the data segment of the packet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(layer numbers refer to the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/osi_model\">open system interconnection 7 layer network model<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>The product can be used as an internal or external firewall and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.isaserver.org\/news\/commoncriteria.html\">ISA Server 2000 achieved certification for Common Criteria Evaluation Assurance Level 2 (EAL 2)<\/a> in September 2003.<\/p>\n<p>ISA Server&#8217;s basic caching (proxy) process is as follows:<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/images\/isa-caching.gif?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ISA Server 2000 - caching\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Client requests access to an external website. Because the DNS suffix address is not local, it knows to contact the proxy server.<\/li>\n<li>ISA Server receives the request and checks its cache, which by default is split between 50% of the ISA server&#8217;s available memory (fast) and disk (slower).<\/li>\n<li>If there is no match in the cache, then space is reserved in cache and the request is forwarded to the Internet, using network address translation (NAT).<\/li>\n<li>The external web server replies with the requested page.<\/li>\n<li>The reply is cached with a time to live (TTL) (default 24 hours) and is forwarded to the requesting client.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Other caching features include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Active caching &#8211; as the TTL for a cached resource expires, ISA server proactively fetches the latest copy of the resource from the Internet, storing it in the cache and accelerating future requests by keeping the latest versions of the most popular sites in the cache.<\/li>\n<li>Scheduled download &#8211; caching defined URLs on a schedule, e.g. caching a partner&#8217;s website each day for local access. This is most useful in a business to business (B2B) extranet scenario, where the content expiry can be predicted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ISA server also supports VPN access (available in Windows 2000, XP and Windows Server 2003, but enhanced with ISA Server) and reverse publishing (allowing access to internal resources from the Internet). Reverse publishing using ISA Server is more secure than simply hosting a web server in a demilitarised zone (DMZ) as there is a firewall with NAT between the Internet and the DMZ, as well as between the DMZ and any internal resources.<\/p>\n<p>Standard 3-pronged firewall with web server in DMZ:<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/images\/3pronged.gif?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"3 pronged firewall\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Reverse publishing using ISA Server:<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/images\/isa-publishing.gif?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ISA Server 2000 - reverse publishing\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The configuration of ISA Server 2000 is controlled using policy elements, which are bundled together to create rules.<\/p>\n<p>ISA Server 2000 Enterprise Edition allows the formulation of arrays of ISA servers, providing greater scalability.<\/p>\n<h3>Links<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/isaserver\/\">Microsoft ISA Server<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.isaserver.org\/\">Microsoft ISA Server firewall and cache resource site<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server 2000 is Microsoft&#8217;s firewall and proxy server product, replacing Microsoft Proxy Server. ISA Server 2000 operates in one of three modes: Firewall &#8211; security server. Caching (i.e. proxy) &#8211; acceleration server. Integrated &#8211; firewall and caching. As a firewall, ISA Server&#8217;s filtering capabilities include: Packet filtering (layer 3) &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2004\/04\/10000-feet-view-of-microsoft-isa.htm\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">10,000 feet view of Microsoft ISA Server 2000<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[71],"class_list":["post-236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-isa"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>10,000 feet view of Microsoft ISA Server 2000 - markwilson.it<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2004\/04\/10000-feet-view-of-microsoft-isa.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10,000 feet view of Microsoft ISA Server 2000 - markwilson.it\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server 2000 is Microsoft&#8217;s firewall and proxy server product, replacing Microsoft Proxy Server. ISA Server 2000 operates in one of three modes: Firewall &#8211; security server. Caching (i.e. proxy) &#8211; acceleration server. Integrated &#8211; firewall and caching. 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It's taken me a while to get around to writing up the notes, but finally, here they are, with some additional information that I\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":507,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2005\/05\/installing-and-verifying-configuration.htm","url_meta":{"origin":236,"position":1},"title":"Installing and verifying the configuration of an ISA Server 2000 array","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Friday 6 May 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"Just over a year ago, I posted a blog entry which gives a 10,000 feet view of Microsoft ISA Server 2000. I haven't done anything with ISA Server since then but over the last few days, I've been installing an new ISA Server 2000 array into an existing enterprise for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":484,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2005\/07\/configuring-web-proxy-auto-discovery.htm","url_meta":{"origin":236,"position":2},"title":"Configuring web proxy auto discovery for Internet Explorer clients","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Tuesday 26 July 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"Over the last few weeks, I've been looking at using web proxy auto discovery (WPAD) to let a client's PCs automatically discover the location of their Microsoft ISA Server 2000 web proxy servers through the Internet Explorer client. Note that WPAD is used by web proxy clients and firewall clients\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1016,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2008\/03\/isa-server-client-software.htm","url_meta":{"origin":236,"position":3},"title":"ISA Server client software","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Thursday 13 March 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Fighting with ISA Server 2006, as I have been for the last few days, has given me an opportunity to refresh my knowledge of the various ISA Server clients. Actually, calling them clients is far more grandiose than is strictly necessary (only one of them involves the installation of client\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":281,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2006\/05\/configuring-network-connections-for.htm","url_meta":{"origin":236,"position":4},"title":"Configuring network connections for ISA Server 2000\/2004 (aka when proxy server migrations turn bad)","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Thursday 18 May 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"It was supposed to be so easy. The new server was already built, with the same IP addresses as the old one. All I had to do was disconnect the NT 4.0 Proxy Server from the network and power on the new Windows Server 2003 R2 box with Internet Security\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":105,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2005\/05\/anyone-worried-about-running-microsoft.htm","url_meta":{"origin":236,"position":5},"title":"Anyone worried about running Microsoft ISA Server as a firewall?","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Thursday 26 May 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"Over the last few years just about every network administrator I've worked with has laughed at the idea of a Microsoft firewall in an enterprise environment (at least as a front line of defence - many organisations use Microsoft ISA Server behind another firewall). When forced by the American parent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/236\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}