{"id":642,"date":"2006-12-14T22:56:00","date_gmt":"2006-12-14T22:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/markwilson.me.uk\/blog\/2006\/12\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm"},"modified":"2007-02-25T18:57:56","modified_gmt":"2007-02-25T18:57:56","slug":"basic-tcpip-troubleshooting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2006\/12\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm","title":{"rendered":"Basic TCP\/IP troubleshooting"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--116613808759269088-->For the last couple of days, I&#8217;ve been mystified as to why I could access a SharePoint site from other Windows servers on the same LAN but not from clients (Mac, Linux or Windows) elsewhere on the network (and on the Internet).<\/p>\n<p>Strangely, the server responded to <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ping<\/span> requests, but I couldn&#8217;t successfully <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">traceroute <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">ipaddress<\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">.<\/span>  Now I&#8217;ve realised why&#8230; I had the wrong default gateway set in the TCP\/IP stack.  So simple, yet so crucial.  Furthermore, <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">tracert <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">ipaddress<\/span> on Windows worked (tricking me into thinking it was a Mac OS X\/Linux problem) &#8211; it turns out that <a href=\"http:\/\/lists.freebsd.org\/pipermail\/freebsd-questions\/2003-July\/011761.html\">many Unix-derived operating systems use UDP for <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">traceroute<\/span> whereas the Windows implementation (<span style=\"font-family: courier new\">tracert<\/span>) uses ICMP<\/a>. As <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ping<\/span> (which uses ICMP) was working, my Windows trace was successful but, because <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2006\/03\/osi-reference-model-and-how-it-relates.htm\">ICMP operates at the network layer in the OSI model and UDP is at the transport layer<\/a>, the return UDP packets to a Mac OS X or Linux client would have been unable to reach me because of the incorrect gateway on the SharePoint server.<\/p>\n<p>It just shows that, from time to time, it can be useful to go back to basics when troubleshooting TCP\/IP issues:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Firstly, check that the cable is plugged in.  Believe me, it&#8217;s amazing how many times that is the cause of the problem!<\/li>\n<li>Next, check that the computer has correct IP addressing details.  IP addresses starting with 169.254 are <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/APIPA\">link-local or automatic private IP addressing<\/a> (APIPA) addresses, used when a DHCP server cannot be located.  Key settings to check are the IP address itself, subnet mask, default gateway\/router address (used to find the next hop) and nameserver (DNS or WINS) addresses (used to locate a server to resolve friendly names to IP addresses).<\/li>\n<li>If you think the TCP\/IP settings are correct then <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ping <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">ipaddress<\/span> from the computer to localhost (127.0.0.1), the default gateway, a known host elsewhere on the network, a known host on the Internet (in that order) &#8211; this approach will help to identify whether the issue is local to the computer, the local subnet, further out on the network or on the Internet (incidentally, many web servers will not respond to pings in order to avoid denial of service attacks such as the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ping_of_death\">ping of death<\/a> &#8211; so no reply from an Internet host doesn&#8217;t necessarily mean there is a problem).  If pings from the computer are successful, try pings to the computer from elsewhere on the network.<\/li>\n<li>Finally, <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">tracert <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">ipaddress<\/span> (Windows) or <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">traceroute <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">ipaddress<\/span> (Mac OS X\/Linux) can be used to check that packets are being routed correctly.  Windows users also have a utility called <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">pathping<\/span> which is a combination of <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ping<\/span> and <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">tracert<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some other commands that can be useful include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ipconfig \/release<\/span> followed by <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ipconfig \/renew<\/span> (Windows) or <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ifdown <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">interface<\/span> then <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ifup <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">interface<\/span> (Mac OS X\/Linux) can be used to obtain a new IP address from the DHCP server (alternatively, just use <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ipconfig \/renew<\/span> or <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ifup <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">interface<\/span> to renew the existing address).<\/li>\n<li>The <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">nslookup<\/span> tool can be used to check the results returned by the DNS server for a particular host.  If DNS is working and Internet access is available then further tests can be carried out at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dnsstuff.com\/\">DNS Stuff<\/a> website.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: courier new\">ipconfig \/flushdns<\/span> can be used for Windows users to flush the DNS cache and force a new lookup for a previously visited host.<\/li>\n<li>The <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">netstat<\/span> command can be used to see all the connections that are currently open (strange entries may indicate a problem with certain types of malware).<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: courier new\">telnet <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic\">ipaddress<\/span> <span style=\"font-style: italic\">portname<\/span> can be useful to test a connection to a host.<\/li>\n<li>If the command line is too confusing, Windows users can use <span style=\"font-family: courier new\">netsh diag gui<\/span> as a last resort!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the last couple of days, I&#8217;ve been mystified as to why I could access a SharePoint site from other Windows servers on the same LAN but not from clients (Mac, Linux or Windows) elsewhere on the network (and on the Internet). Strangely, the server responded to ping requests, but I couldn&#8217;t successfully traceroute ipaddress. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2006\/12\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Basic TCP\/IP troubleshooting<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-tcpip"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic TCP\/IP troubleshooting - markwilson.it<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2006\/12\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Basic TCP\/IP troubleshooting - markwilson.it\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For the last couple of days, I&#8217;ve been mystified as to why I could access a SharePoint site from other Windows servers on the same LAN but not from clients (Mac, Linux or Windows) elsewhere on the network (and on the Internet). Strangely, the server responded to ping requests, but I couldn&#8217;t successfully traceroute ipaddress. &hellip; Continue reading Basic TCP\/IP troubleshooting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2006\/12\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"markwilson.it\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2006-12-14T22:56:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2007-02-25T18:57:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mark Wilson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@markwilsonit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@markwilsonit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mark Wilson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mark Wilson\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/98f61365e7c39d6be942174b8c4de468\"},\"headline\":\"Basic TCP\\\/IP troubleshooting\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-12-14T22:56:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2007-02-25T18:57:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm\"},\"wordCount\":623,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/98f61365e7c39d6be942174b8c4de468\"},\"keywords\":[\"TCP\\\/IP\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm\",\"name\":\"Basic TCP\\\/IP troubleshooting - markwilson.it\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2006-12-14T22:56:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2007-02-25T18:57:56+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/basic-tcpip-troubleshooting.htm#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Basic TCP\\\/IP troubleshooting\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.markwilson.co.uk\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"markwilson.it\",\"description\":\"get-info -class technology | write-output &gt; 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Ordinarily that would be simple, but with an unresponsive Explorer interface refusing to open any network connection dialogs I needed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Technology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Technology","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/topic\/technology"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":749,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2007\/03\/secure-remote-administration-of-a-mac-os-x-computer-from-within-windows.htm","url_meta":{"origin":642,"position":1},"title":"Secure, remote administration of a Mac OS X computer from within Windows","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Thursday 22 March 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"In a recent post about multimedia file format conversions, ripping DVDs, playback and more, I linked to a number of Mark Pilgrim's \"How To\" articles; however there was one which wasn't relevant to that particular post - how to use your Mac from anywhere (although it is intended for remote\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Apple Mac OS X\"","block_context":{"text":"Apple Mac OS X","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/mac-os-x"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1252,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2008\/10\/free-ebook-from-microsoft-press.htm","url_meta":{"origin":642,"position":2},"title":"Free eBook from Microsoft Press","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Monday 20 October 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Microsoft Press is celebrating it's 25th anniversary with a free eBook of the month offer. This Month's offer is Windows Server 2008 TCP\/IP Protocols and Services by Joseph Davies and, although I haven't read it yet, I probably will (at least in part) as the TCP\/IP stack has changed considerably\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/microsoft"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1013,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2008\/03\/problems-with-hyper-v-isa-server-2006-and-tcp-offloading.htm","url_meta":{"origin":642,"position":3},"title":"Problems with Hyper-V, ISA Server 2006 and TCP offloading","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Saturday 8 March 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"For the last few days, I've been trying to get an ISA Server 2006 installation working and it's been driving me nuts. I was pretty sure that I had my networking sorted, following Jim Harrison's article on configuring ISA Server interface settings (although a colleague did need to point out\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":787,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2007\/05\/windows-home-server-first-impressions-mass-storage-drivers-and-clients-that-wont-connect.htm","url_meta":{"origin":642,"position":4},"title":"Windows Home Server &#8211; first impressions, mass storage drivers and clients that won&#8217;t connect","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Monday 14 May 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"In my post about Microsoft's Vista after hours event, I mentioned Windows Home Server (WHS). Over the weekend, I installed the April CTP of Windows Home Server (build 1371) on a PC at home and I'm pretty impressed. WHS is based on Windows 2003 Small Business Server and consequently has\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft Windows Home Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft Windows Home Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/windows-home-server"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1034,"url":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/2008\/04\/removing-phantom-network-adapters-from-virtual-machines.htm","url_meta":{"origin":642,"position":5},"title":"Removing phantom network adapters from virtual machines","author":"Mark Wilson","date":"Monday 7 April 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Last night, I rebuilt my Windows Server 2008 machine at home to use the RTM build (it was running on an escrow build from a few days before it was finally released) and Hyper-V RC0. It was non-trivial because the virtual machines I had running on the server had to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Microsoft ISA Server\"","block_context":{"text":"Microsoft ISA Server","link":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/tag\/isa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=642"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/642\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markwilson.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}